Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium

A bstract We review and examine in detail recent developments regarding the question of nucleon mass decomposition. discuss particular virial theorem quantum field theory its implications for decomposition mechanical equilibrium. reconsider renormalization QCD energy-momentum tensor minimal-subtraction-type schemes physical interpretation components, as well role played by trace anomaly Poincaré symmetry. also study concept “quantum anomalous energy” proposed some works a new contribution to mass. Examining various arguments, we conclude that energy is not genuine sum rule, consequence translation